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§¶§à§ä§à:? Asian Development Bank

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§°§ä§Þ§Ö§é§Ñ§Ö§Þ§í§Û §Ö§Ø§Ö§Ô§à§Õ§ß§à 15 §Þ§Ñ§ñ, §®§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§í§Û §Õ§Ö§ß§î §ã§Ö§Þ§Ö§Û §Ò§í§Ý §á§â§à§Ó§à§Ù§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ê§Ö§ß  §¤§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §¡§ã§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ò§Ý§Ö§Ú §°§°§¯ §Ó 1993 §Ô§à§Õ§å. §¦§Ô§à §á§â§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§â§Ö§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§î §á§à§Ó§í§ã§Ú§ä§î §å§â§à§Ó§Ö§ß§î §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ó §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§Ñ§ç, §Ü§Ñ§ã§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç§ã§ñ §ã§Ö§Þ§Ö§Û, §Ú §å§Ô§Ý§å§Ò§Ú§ä§î §Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à-§ï§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Ú §Õ§Ö§Þ§à§Ô§â§Ñ§æ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó, §Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç §ß§Ñ §á§à§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ã§Ö§Þ§Ö§Û.

1 §ñ§ß§Ó§Ñ§â§ñ 2016 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ §à§æ§Ú§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à §Ó§ã§ä§å§á§Ú§Ý§Ú §Ó §ã§Ú§Ý§å 17 §è§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û §Ó §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §å§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ (§¸§µ§²), §Ú§Ù§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ó §á§à§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§Ü§Ö §Õ§ß§ñ §Ó §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §å§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §ß§Ñ §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ §Õ§à 2030 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§Ñ§ñ §Ò§í§Ý§Ñ §á§â§Ú§ß§ñ§ä§Ñ §Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§í§Þ§Ú §Ý§Ú§Õ§Ö§â§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ó §ã§Ö§ß§ä§ñ§Ò§â§Ö 2015 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ §ß§Ñ §Ú§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Þ §ã§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ú§ä§Ö §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û. §±§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§Ü§Ñ §Ú §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§í, §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §ß§Ñ §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§í §ã§Ö§Þ§î§Ú, §Ú§Ô§â§Ñ§ð§ä §Ü§â§Ñ§Û§ß§Ö §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§å§ð §â§à§Ý§î §Ó §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Þ§ß§à§Ô§Ú§ç §Ú§Ù §ï§ä§Ú§ç §è§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û.

§©§ß§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö §Ý§Ú §£§í?

  • §£ 2019 §Ô§à§Õ§å §à§Ø§Ú§Õ§Ñ§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ñ §á§â§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ú§Ô§Ý§Ñ 72,8 §Ý§Ö§ä, §é§ä§à §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â§ß§à §ß§Ñ 9 §Ý§Ö§ä §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ö, §é§Ö§Þ §Ó 1990 §Ô§à§Õ§å.
  • §¬ 2030 §Ô§à§Õ§å 12% §Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§ä §Ó §Ó§à§Ù§â§Ñ§ã§ä§Ö 65 §Ý§Ö§ä §Ú §ã§ä§Ñ§â§ê§Ö. §¬ 2050 §Ô§à§Õ§å §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ß§ñ§ñ §á§â§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú §Ó §Þ§Ú§â§Ö §ã§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä 77,2 §Ý§Ö§ä.
  • §£§à §Ó§ã§Ö§Þ §Þ§Ú§â§Ö §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö 23% §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û, §é§ä§à §ã§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö 1 §Þ§Ý§â§Õ §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü, §Ø§Ú§Ó§å§ä §Ó §ä§â§å§ë§à§Ò§Ñ§ç §Ó §Ô§à§â§à§Õ§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §â§Ñ§Û§à§ß§Ñ§ç. §°§è§Ö§ß§Ü§Ú §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä, §é§ä§à §â§à§ã§ä §Ô§à§â§à§Õ§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ß§Ñ 1% §å§Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §â§Ñ§ã§á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î §ä§â§å§ë§à§Ò §ß§Ñ 5,3% §Ó §¡§Ù§Ú§Ú §Ú §ß§Ñ 2,3% §Ó §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ö.
  • §±§à §à§è§Ö§ß§Ü§Ñ§Þ, 2% §ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Þ§Ú§â§Ñ §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ò§Ö§Ù§Õ§à§Þ§ß§í§Þ§Ú, §Ñ §Ö§ë§Ö 20% §Ø§Ú§Ó§å§ä §Ó §ß§Ö§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Ü§Ó§Ñ§ä§ß§í§ç §å§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§ñ§ç.

§¥§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Þ§à§Ý§à§Õ§Ö§Ø§Ú

a climber amidst beautiful mountains

 

§³ §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ü§Ý§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ñ §ß§Ñ§ê§Ö §Ò§å§Õ§å§ë§Ö§Ö §ã§ä§Ñ§Ý§à §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §ß§Ö§à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ. §¢§Ö§ã§á§â§Ö§è§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§ä§ß§Ñ§ñ §Þ§à§Ò§Ú§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Þ§à§Ý§à§Õ§í§ç §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §Ó§à §Ó§ã§Ö§Þ §Þ§Ú§â§Ö §ã§Ó§Ú§Õ§Ö§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §à§Ò §Ú§ç §à§Ô§â§à§Þ§ß§à§Þ §á§à§ä§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ö §Õ§Ý§ñ §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ý§Ú§è, §á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ. §ª§ç §á§à§ã§í§Ý §ñ§ã§Ö§ß: §ã§ä§Ñ§â§ê§Ö§Ö §á§à§Ü§à§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§Ö §ã§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§à§ã§î, §Ú §Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§à §Þ§à§Ý§à§Õ§Ö§Ø§Ú §á§â§Ú§Õ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §á§Ý§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä§î §ã§á§à§Ý§ß§Ñ ¡ª §ã§Ó§à§Ú§Þ §Ò§å§Õ§å§ë§Ú§Þ. §±§à§Õ§â§à§Ò§ß§Ö§Ö

§±§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§í§Ö §ã§ã§í§Ý§Ü§Ú

  •  (2006 §Ô§à§Õ)
  • , §á§â§Ú§ß§ñ§ä§Ñ§ñ §Ó §¥§à§ç§Ö §ß§Ñ §®§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Û §Ü§à§ß§æ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú, §á§à§ã§Ó§ñ§ë§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §ã§Ö§Þ§î§Ö §Ú §á§â§à§Ó§à§Õ§ñ§ë§Ö§Û§ã§ñ §Ó §à§Ù§ß§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Õ§Ö§ã§ñ§ä§à§Û §Ô§à§Õ§à§Ó§ë§Ú§ß§í §®§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ §ã§Ö§Þ§î§Ú (2004 §Ô§à§Õ)

§®§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§í§Ö §Õ§ß§Ú §á§à §ä§Ö§Þ§Ö

§¥§â§å§Ô§Ú§Ö §á§Ñ§Þ§ñ§ä§ß§í§Ö §Õ§Ñ§ä§í

§³§Ö§Þ§Ö§Û§ß§Ñ§ñ §á§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§Ü§Ñ §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§à§Û §ß§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §á§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§Ü§Ú §Ú §ß§Ñ§Ú§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ §Ú§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Þ, §á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§ñ§ã§î §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Þ §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §á§à§Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§ä§î §ß§Ñ §å§â§à§Ó§Ö§ß§î §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú §Ô§â§ñ§Õ§å§ë§Ú§ç §á§à§Ü§à§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Û. §±§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§Ü§Ñ §Ó §à§ä§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §ã§Ö§Þ§î§Ú §Ú§Ô§â§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§å§ð §â§à§Ý§î §Ó §Ó§í§á§à§Ý§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§é §á§à §Þ§ß§à§Ô§Ú§Þ (§¸§µ§²).

§£ §ä§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ, §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Þ§Ú§â §ã§ä§Ñ§Ý§Ü§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ã §â§Ñ§ã§ä§å§ë§Ú§Þ §ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ó§Ö§ß§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ, §Ñ §ã§ä§â§Ö§Þ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö, §ä§Ö§ç§ß§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ú §ï§Ü§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ý§Ú§ê§Ñ§ð§ä §Þ§ß§à§Ô§Ú§ç §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §Õ§à§ã§ä§å§á§Ñ §Ü §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§í§Þ §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§ñ§Þ §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ, §á§â§Ö§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §ß§Ñ§Þ §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§î §á§Ö§â§Ö§à§ã§Þ§í§ã§Ý§Ú§ä§î §ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§å§ð §á§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§Ü§å §Ú §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §á§à§ã§ä§â§à§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §Ú§ß§Ü§Ý§ð§Ù§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Ô§à §Ú §å§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§à§Ô§à §Ò§å§Õ§å§ë§Ö§Ô§à.

illustration of people with clock, calendar, to-do list and decorations

§®§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§í§Ö §Õ§ß§Ú §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §á§à§Ó§à§Õ§à§Þ §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§â§à§ã§Ó§Ö§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ê§Ú§â§à§Ü§à§Û §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §á§à §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§Ñ§Þ, §Ó§í§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Þ §à§Ù§Ñ§Ò§à§é§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î, §Õ§Ý§ñ §Þ§à§Ò§Ú§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §á§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §Ó§à§Ý§Ú §Ú §â§Ö§ã§å§â§ã§à§Ó §Õ§Ý§ñ §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ô§Ý§à§Ò§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§â§à§ã§Ý§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §å§Ü§â§Ö§á§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ. §³§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§í§ç §Õ§ß§Ö§Û §á§â§Ö§Õ§ê§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý§à §å§é§â§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú, §ß§à §°§°§¯ §Ó§à§ã§á§â§Ú§ß§ñ§Ý§Ñ §Ú§ç §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Þ§à§ë§ß§í§Û §Ú§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä §á§à§Ó§í§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §à §ä§Ö§ç §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ú§ß§í§ç §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§Ñ§ç. §µ§Ù§ß§Ñ§ä§î §à §Õ§ß§ñ§ç §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §Ù§Õ§Ö§ã§î.