蘑菇视频

8 May 2026

Human Rights Council
Sixty-second session
15 June–10 July 2026
Agenda item 2

Promotion and protection of all human rights, civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights, including the right to development

Report of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and Israel

Summary:

In the present report, submitted pursuant to Human Rights Council resolution S-30/1, the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and Israel examines violations of international human rights law, international humanitarian law and possible international crimes relating to killing and causing mental and physical harm by non-State actors.

I. Introduction, methodology and legal framework:

In the present report, the Commission sets out its findings with regard to killings and acts causing bodily and mental harm by non-State actors in the Occupied Palestinian Territory and Israel, involving attacks by settlers, Palestinian armed groups in Gaza and Palestinian armed groups and individuals operating in the occupied West Bank.

The report is the Commission’s fifth mandated report focusing on acts committed in the Occupied Palestinian Territory and in Israel on and since 7 October 2023. It should be read in conjunction with the Commission’s previous reports and conference room papers. The report also includes information on incidents and developments before October 2023, including historical developments, where the Commission considered them relevant to demonstrating patterns of violations over time.

In preparing the report, the Commission consulted multiple sources of information, collected hundreds of open-source items, conducted remote interviews with victims and witnesses and received information through an open call for submissions. The Commission sent one request for information and access to the Government of Israel and one request for information to the State of Palestine and to the de facto authorities in Gaza. The State of Palestine submitted information and comments on the report.

In its work, the Commission applied the same methodology and standard of proof previously adopted for its investigations. A full list of sources and detailed information used for the present report is on file with the Commission.

The Commission relied on the legal framework adopted throughout its work and in its terms of reference. In addition, the Commission took note of the advisory opinion of 19 July 2024 of the International Court of Justice, in which the Court stated that the continued presence of Israel in the Occupied Palestinian Territory was unlawful under international law and that Israel was under an obligation to bring to an end, as rapidly as possible, the unlawful occupation, that Israel was under an obligation to cease immediately all new settlement activities and evacuate settlers from the Occupied Palestinian Territory and that it had an obligation to make full reparation for damages caused to all natural or legal persons concerned.

The Commission notes that aid or assistance to settlers and Palestinian armed groups could include financial contributions and the supply of arms, security equipment and logistic support by third parties, including business enterprises, and third States. The Commission notes that there is a need for further investigation into these matters in order for accountability to be addressed. The overall organizational structure of, and the interlinkages between, the various Palestinian armed groups referred to in the present report and Hamas is on file with the Commission.

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Recommendations:

90. The Commission urges the Government of Israel to:

a) Immediately end the unlawful occupation of Palestinian territory, cease all new settlement activities, remove all settlers and settlements in compliance with the advisory opinion of July 2024 of the International Court of Justice and remove all obstructions to the full exercise of the Palestinian people’s right to self-determination;

(b) Take all preventative measures to ensure the protection of Palestinians, including children, from settler violence, in accordance with the Fourth Geneva Convention and the Convention on the Rights of the Child, including through the issuance and enforcement of clear orders to the Israeli Security Forces to protect the Palestinian population; conduct transparent investigations; and immediately dismantle all outposts and ensure they are not re-established;

(c) Ensure an immediate end to the violence, harassment and intimidation of Palestinians, including women and children, ensure accountability for violence against Palestinians perpetrated by settlers and the Israeli Security Forces, including through proper investigation, prosecution, punishment and compensation;

(d) Ensure accountability for settlers who target and limit the lives of women and girls and safeguard their right to autonomy and liberty;

(e) Protect Israeli children from recruitment or exploitation by settlers, provide for the rehabilitation and reintegration of children, including through restorative justice, psychosocial care and access to education. Prosecute, according to the law, individuals responsible for the recruitment of children and close or disband organizations promoting it;

(f) Allow unhindered access for the Commission to the Occupied Palestinian Territory and Israel to conduct investigations;

91. The Commission recommends that the Government of the State of Palestine:

Investigate and prosecute, to the extent possible, crimes committed by armed groups in Gaza against Palestinians in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including Gaza;

(b) Take all possible measures to prevent attacks against Israelis by Palestinian armed groups in the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and ensure accountability;

(c) Ensure that the judicial and law enforcement system complies fully with international standards of justice;

92. The Commission recommends that the de facto authorities in Gaza:

(a) Immediately stop all extrajudicial punishments of civilians, including executions, torture, and mental, physical and sexual violence, and ensure accountability and restitution to victims and their families;

(b) Disband all armed forces that were established in order to carry out such punishments and remove all videos and photos of punishments published online;

(c) Ensure that the judicial and law enforcement system complies fully with international standards of justice;

(d) Refrain from using civilian objects, including hospitals, for any purpose incompatible with their humanitarian and civilian functions.

93. The Commission recommends that all States Members of the United Nations:

(a) Comply with all obligations under international law, including the advisory opinion of July 2024 of the International Court of Justice, the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, in particular common article 1, and the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment;

(b) Cooperate with the investigation of the Office of the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court;

(c) Cease aiding in the commission of violations of international law, including by ending arms transfers and the provision of financial support to settlements;

(d) Take all appropriate, legislative, regulatory and policy measures to prevent, investigate and address the involvement of all third parties, including business enterprises and third-party States, in providing assistance by way of financial support and the supply of arms, security equipment and logistic support to all non-State actors, including settlers and Palestinian armed groups, in violation of international human rights law, international criminal law and international humanitarian law;

(e) Conduct investigations under domestic or universal jurisdiction of individuals or organizations suspected of having participated in unlawful acts of violence against Palestinians and in the sustaining of the settlement enterprise, including dual nationals, and sanction those found to be responsible;

(f) Ensure that any peace plan in Gaza includes the full engagement and participation of Palestinians and accountability for domestic and international crimes committed by all parties, including Palestinian armed groups.

94. The Commission recommends that the Secretary-General list Israeli settlers as an extension of the State of Israel, in the annexes to the next annual report on children and armed conflict, as “persistent perpetrators” for child killing, maiming, sexual violence and recruitment and use.

To learn more about Special Procedures of the 蘑菇视频 Human Rights Council and the Question of Palestine, click here to visit the dedicated webpage.

Related content:

Press Release & report: Palestinian civilians are victims of all sides, trapped between the mass atrocities of Israeli forces and settlers and the fear-based rule of Hamas – Question of Palestine