9 April 2026

Qualitative Analysis

KEY PROTECTION RISKS IDENTIFIED BY THE COMMÄ¢¹½ÊÓÆµITIES

  • Inadequate shelter conditions and exposure to weather: Participants reported deteriorating shelters that are no longer able to withstand rain and wind, leading to flooding, damage to their belongings, and temporary exposure outside shelters, with direct implications for safety, dignity, and living conditions.
  • Unsafe WASH conditions and environmental contamination: Severe sanitation gaps, including lack of functional latrines, unsealed cesspits, and stagnant wastewater, continue to create serious health and protection risks inside and around shelters. Particularly for children, the lack of safe play spaces exacerbates the already heightened risks of harm.
  • Spread of insects and rodent infestation: Mosquitoes, rodents and other insects were widely reported, linked to stagnant water, waste accumulation and remains from poor food quality assistance and inedible meals, increasing health and safety hazards, particularly for children, older persons, and persons with disabilities.
  • Barriers to accessing bread: Participants, especially in Gaza City and North Gaza, reported non-operational bakeries, refusal to sell at some points, and reliance on expensive informal markets, further deepening food insecurity and financial strain.
  • Risks related to dignity and privacy during aid distribution: Some food distributions reportedly required photographing women and children, raising concerns related to privacy, dignity, and informed consent.
  • Information gaps and barriers to accessing basic services: Ongoing challenges in accessing water, health, and other essential services due to availability, distance, and cost were widely reported. Communities reported insufficient and inconsistent information on services, distribution mechanisms, and eligibility criteria, limiting safe and equitable access to assistance.

IMPACTS ON THE POPULATION

  • Deterioration of living conditions and public health risks: Participants reported daily exposure to wastewater, stagnant water, insects, and rodent infestation inside shelters, worsening health risks and unsafe living conditions, especially for children and other vulnerable groups. Poor-quality food assistance and discarded inedible food were also reported to contribute to waste accumulation and environmental contamination.
  • Increased economic strain and reduced access to food: Limited bread availability and reliance on higher-priced informal markets continue to increase financial pressure and reduce food affordability, particularly for households with limited or irregular income.
  • Psychological distress and impact on caregivers: Poor living conditions, food shortages, and unmet basic needs were reported to be increasing stress, frustration, and caregiver fatigue, affecting families¡¯ ability to cope.
  • Impact on family dynamics and child well-being: Cumulative stressors are contributing to heightened household tensions and reduced capacity to care for and protect children, particularly in overcrowded and resource constrained displacement settings.

COPING MECHANISMS

  • Attempts to reduce exposure to environmental risks: Some households reported limiting food storage and reducing waste accumulation inside shelters to minimize insects and rodents, though these measures remain limited in effectiveness.
  • Adoption of constrained coping strategies to meet basic needs: Families described relying on ad hoc and improvised solutions to manage sanitation, water access, and food shortages in the absence of adequate services.
  • Reliance on family and community support: Households continue to depend on relatives, neighbors, and informal support networks to share food, information, and support vulnerable individuals.

COMMÄ¢¹½ÊÓÆµITY CAPACITIES

  • Existing informal community support systems: Family and community networks remain an important source of mutual support and information-sharing.
  • Community awareness of environmental and health risks: Participants demonstrated strong awareness of the risks linked to poor sanitation, waste accumulation, and unsafe shelter conditions.
  • Willingness to engage with service providers: Communities expressed readiness to engage with humanitarian actors when services are appropriate, clearly communicated, and dignity-preserving.
  • Informal communication channels: Word-of-mouth and informal networks continue to play a key role in accessing information on services and assistance