蘑菇视频

Note: The following excerpt from the report relates to the Question of Palestine. Footnotes have been omitted for ease of reference and are available in the original report.

16 June 2026

Children and armed conflict

Report of the Secretary-General

I. Introduction

1. The present report, prepared following consultations and covering the period from January to December 2025, is submitted pursuant to Security Council resolution . The report includes trends regarding the impact of armed conflict on children and information on violations committed, as requested by the Council in its resolution and subsequent resolutions. Where possible, violations are attributed to parties to conflict and the annexes to the present report include a list of parties engaging in violations against children, namely the recruitment and use of children, the killing and maiming of children, rape and other forms of sexual violence perpetrated against children, attacks on schools, hospitals and protected persons in relation to schools and/or hospitals, and the abduction of children.
2. The information contained in the present report was vetted for accuracy by the United Nations. Where information is not verified, it is qualified as such. Incidents committed earlier but verified only in 2025 are included in the verified grave violations.
3. The information does not represent the full scale of violations against children but provides United Nations-verified trends in grave violations against children, given that access for monitors to affected areas and for victims to specialized service provision are challenges. Persistent efforts by some Member States to undermine independent human rights monitoring, along with attacks against community and civic leaders, human rights defenders and monitors of violations against children threaten the Security Council monitoring and reporting mandate on grave violations against children.
4. Pursuant to Security Council resolution , my Special Representative for Children and Armed Conflict adopted a pragmatic approach to promote broad and effective protection for children. Reference to a situation does not seek to make any legal determination as to whether situations which are referred to in the present report constitute armed conflicts within the context of the Geneva Conventions and the Additional Protocols thereto, nor does it prejudge the legal status of the non-State parties involved in these situations. Accordingly, the report documents situations in which apparent violations of international norms and standards are of such gravity as to warrant international concern, given their impact on children. My Special Representative brings these situations to the attention of Governments, which bear the primary responsibility for protecting children, in order to encourage them to take remedial measures.

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III. Information on grave violations

A. Situations on the agenda of the Security Council

Israel and the State of Palestine

82. 蘑菇视频 verified 12,445 grave violations against 5,663 children (3,549 boys, 2,114 girls); Israeli and other children in Israel (14) and Palestinian children (5,649). The violations occurred in Israel (9) and in the Occupied Palestinian Territory (12,436) (West Bank, including East Jerusalem (5,452), Gaza Strip (6,984)). In addition, the United Nations received reports of the killing of 4,588 children in the Gaza Strip and the maiming of 346 children in Israel, which are pending verification. Owing to severe access challenges and the intensity of the conflict, particularly in the Gaza Strip, the information presented herein does not represent the full scale of violations against children.
83. Verified grave violations were attributed to Israeli armed and security forces (9,465), Israeli settlers (326), unidentified perpetrators (104), individual Palestinian perpetrators (8), the armed forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran (7), Palestinian Authority Security Forces (5), the Houthis (who call themselves Ansar Allah) (5), Palestinian armed actors (4), Palestinian armed groups (2) and Hamas’ Izz al-Din al?Qassam Brigades (1). In addition, the process of attribution of responsibility relating to 2,518 verified violations is ongoing.
84. 蘑菇视频 verified the killing of 5 children in Israel (3 Ukrainian children, 2 Israeli children) by the armed forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran (4) and by an individual Palestinian perpetrator (1).
85. Nine Israeli boys were maimed in the West Bank, including East Jerusalem (7), and in Israel (2) by individual Palestinian perpetrators (7), Israeli forces (1) and the armed forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran (1).
86. Two attacks on hospitals in Israel were attributed to the armed forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran (2).
87. 蘑菇视频 verified the use of 2 Palestinian children (1 boy, 1 girl) by Israeli armed and security forces as human shields during operations in the West Bank (1) and in the Gaza Strip (1).
88. 蘑菇视频 verified the detention of 981 Palestinian children (973 boys, 8 girls) by Israeli armed and security forces (978) for alleged security offences in East Jerusalem (182) and elsewhere in the West Bank (782) and the Gaza Strip (14); and by Palestinian Authority Security Forces (3) for alleged involvement with Palestinian armed actors in the West Bank. Israeli authorities reported that 180 Palestinian children were held under administrative detention, without charge or trial as at 31?December 2025, in addition to 7 children transferred to Israel from the Gaza Strip and detained under the “unlawful combatant” designation. 蘑菇视频 received testimonies of 66 children who reported physical violence and other ill-treatment while detained by Israeli forces. One Palestinian boy died in Israeli detention, with autopsy findings raising concerns about extreme and likely prolonged malnutrition, and inadequate medical care.
89. 蘑菇视频 verified the killing of 57 Palestinian children (55 boys, 2?girls) in the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, attributed to Israeli armed and security forces (55) (live ammunition (47), air strikes (7), tear gas inhalation (1)), Palestinian Authority Security Forces (1), and crossfire between Palestinian Authority Security Forces and Palestinian armed actors (1). In the Gaza Strip, the United Nations verified the killing of 2,668 Palestinian children (1,539 boys, 1,129 girls) by Israeli armed and security forces (150). The process of attribution of 2,518 verified killing incidents is ongoing. Most incidents were caused by the use of explosive weapons in populated areas by Israeli armed and security forces.
90. The maiming of 2,921 Palestinian children (1,942 boys, 979 girls) was verified in the West Bank, including East Jerusalem (698) and in the Gaza Strip (2,223). 蘑菇视频 verified maiming attributed to Israeli armed and security forces (2,760), Israeli settlers (75), the Houthis (5), Palestinian Authority Security Forces (2) and unidentified perpetrators (79) (unexploded ordnance (68), crossfire between Palestinian Authority Security Forces and Palestinian armed actors (1)). In the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, most children were maimed by live ammunition (264), teargas inhalation (241), physical assault (102), rubber-coated metal bullets (35) and air strikes (2). In Gaza, most children were maimed by air strikes (1,816), tank shelling (202), live ammunition (136) and unexploded ordnance (68).
91. 蘑菇视频 verified multiple incidents of conflict-related sexual violence, including as a form of torture, inflicted against 9 boys and 1 girl from the Gaza Strip (5) and the West Bank (5).
92. Attacks on 828 schools (609) and hospitals (219), including on protected persons in relation to schools (42) and/or hospitals (74), and on ambulances (20), were attributed to: Israeli armed and security forces (773), Israeli settlers (39), unidentified perpetrators (9), Palestinian armed actors (3), Palestinian Authority Security Forces (2) and Palestinian armed groups (2) in the West Bank, including East Jerusalem (608), and in the Gaza Strip (220).
93. 蘑菇视频 verified 9 military uses of schools (6) and health facilities (3) by Israeli armed and security forces (4), Hamas’ Izz al-Din al-Qassam Brigades (3) and Palestinian armed actors (2). Schools in the Gaza Strip have remained closed since 7 October 2023, affecting 637,500 children. Schools were also closed in the West Bank and Israel in June 2025 during the military escalation with the Islamic Republic of Iran.
94. 蘑菇视频 verified the abduction of one Palestinian boy by Israeli armed and security forces in the Gaza Strip.
95. A total of 5,946 incidents of the denial of humanitarian access by Israeli armed and security forces (5,716); Israeli settlers (212); Hamas’ Izz al-Din al-Qassam Brigades (1), Palestinian armed actors (1) and unidentified perpetrators (16) was verified in the West Bank, including East Jerusalem (4,080) and in the Gaza Strip (1,866). In the Gaza Strip, the United Nations verified 1,684 denials of humanitarian access by Israeli authorities related to the coordination of humanitarian aid missions being denied (1,086) or access being impeded (598), out of 3,157 planned missions. Additionally, attacks on humanitarian personnel, humanitarian sites or aid seekers (184) and attacks on water and sanitation infrastructure (316) were also verified. In the context of Israeli military operations in the Gaza Strip, 579 humanitarian personnel were killed, including at least 388 United Nations personnel, since 7?October 2023, including 184 humanitarian personnel and 109 United Nations personnel killed in 2025. For 11 weeks between March and May, Israel prevented humanitarian aid and commercial supplies from entering the Gaza Strip, while intense restrictions persisted throughout 2025, fuelling acute food insecurity for nearly the entire population, with 113 child deaths reported due to malnutrition and famine declared in Gaza in August 2025, as well as deaths due to hypothermia and preventable diseases. In the West Bank, Israeli armed and security forces delayed or obstructed medical care to critically injured children (11). In addition, 3,750 permit applications (2,088 for boys, 1,662 for girls) to Israeli authorities for children from the West Bank to gain access to specialized medical treatment were denied, while 9,635 applications were approved.

Developments and concerns

96. I am appalled by the magnitude of grave violations against children in the Occupied Palestinian Territory and Israel, notably by the widespread use of explosive weapons in populated areas. I am shocked by the ongoing grave violations in the Gaza Strip and I am deeply alarmed by the escalating violence in the West Bank, including East Jerusalem. I welcome the ceasefire in the Gaza Strip and the release of all Israeli hostages held in Gaza. I call for implementation of the Comprehensive Plan to End the Gaza Conflict, in line with Security Council resolutions and international law.
97. I am gravely alarmed by the staggering increase in grave violations against children perpetrated by Israeli armed and security forces, the high number of children killed and maimed, attacks on schools and hospitals, including ambulances and protected persons in relation to schools and/or hospitals, and the denial of humanitarian access and attacks on humanitarian personnel. I again urge Israel to abide by international humanitarian law and international human rights law, including its obligations to respect the special protections afforded to children, to protect schools and hospitals and refrain from using them for military purposes, and to comply with the principles of distinction, proportionality and precautions, and to refrain from the use of explosive weapons in populated areas. I urge Israel to pursue accountability for grave violations against children.
98. I am deeply alarmed at the staggering rise in attacks carried out by Israeli settlers resulting in grave violations against Palestinian children, including in proximity to, and with the frequent support of, Israeli security forces, and by the persistent lack of accountability for these violations. I reiterate my grave concern regarding the excessive use of force during law enforcement operations, including militarized operations, in the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and reiterate that security forces must exercise maximum restraint and use intentional lethal force only when it is strictly unavoidable to protect life as a measure of last resort. I am alarmed by the high number of children detained by Israel and by reports of severe physical violence during detention, and poor detention conditions, which may constitute inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. I urge Israel to uphold international juvenile justice standards, end all administrative and arbitrary detention of children and prevent the attempted use of children as informants.
99. I urge Israel to develop and sign an action plan with the United Nations to end and prevent the killing and maiming of children and attacks on schools and hospitals, on the basis of the letters previously addressed by my Special Representative to Israel, including clear, time-bound commitments to end and prevent grave violations against children, as proposed by the United Nations.
100. I remain concerned at grave violations by Hamas’ Izz al-Din al-Qassam Brigades and all Palestinian armed groups, and I call upon Hamas’ Izz al-Din al?Qassam Brigades and all Palestinian armed groups to abide by their obligations under international humanitarian law and international human rights law, respect the special protections afforded to children and refrain from attacks that harm civilians, including children, and from indiscriminate attacks towards Israeli population centres. I also call upon Hamas’ Izz al-Din al-Qassam Brigades and other Palestinian armed groups to protect schools and hospitals, including protected persons in relation to schools and/or hospitals, and refrain from using them for military purposes.
101. I urge Hamas’ Izz al-Din al-Qassam Brigades and affiliated factions, and Palestinian Islamic Jihad’s Al-Quds Brigades, to develop and sign action plans with the United Nations to end and prevent the killing and maiming and abduction of children, on the basis of the letters previously addressed by my Special Representative to Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad, including clear time-bound commitments to end and prevent grave violations against children, as proposed by the United Nations.
102. I call upon the Islamic Republic of Iran to abide by its obligations under international humanitarian law and international human rights law and to cease attacks that affect civilians, including children.
103. I call upon the Houthis, to abide by their obligations under international humanitarian law and international human rights law and to cease attacks that affect civilians, including children.
104. I condemn attacks against humanitarian operations, premises and workers, including the killing of humanitarian personnel. I call upon Israel and all other duty bearers to ensure that assistance reaches those who need it, and to allow and facilitate full, rapid, safe and unhindered access for humanitarian aid and personnel into and within the Gaza Strip and the West Bank.

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Recommendations

1. I urge all parties to conflict to adhere to their obligations under international law, including international humanitarian law and international human rights law, and to uphold the rights and special protections afforded to children.
2. I call upon all parties to conflict, including States, to respect and protect civilians and civilian objects, and United Nations and humanitarian personnel, assets and premises, and to allow and facilitate safe, timely and unimpeded humanitarian access consistent with Security Council resolution .
3. I call upon all parties to protect schools, hospitals and health workers and to implement Security Council resolutions and .
4. I urge all parties to conflict to refrain from using explosive weapons in populated areas, to undertake the clearing of explosive ordnance and to provide risk education and victim assistance. I urgently appeal to donors to provide financial and technical assistance in that regard. I urge Member States to become Parties, or re-?adhere, to the Ottawa Convention and the Convention on Cluster Munitions.
5. I urge States to become Parties to the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. I urge States and parties to conflict to consider every human being below the age of 18 years as a child.
6. I call upon Member States to endorse and implement the Paris Principles, the Safe Schools Declaration, the Vancouver Principles and the Political Declaration on Strengthening the Protection of Civilians from the Humanitarian Consequences Arising from the Use of Explosive Weapons in Populated Areas.
7. I call upon Member States and parties to conflict to ensure that the use of emerging and advanced military technologies, including uncrewed systems and artificial intelligence, remains subject to human control, including accountability mechanisms, and is in full compliance with international humanitarian law and international human rights law.
8. I call upon Member States to hold perpetrators of violations accountable, provide assistance to victims and cooperate with international accountability mechanisms.
9. I call upon Member States to ensure that a potential legally binding instrument on the prevention and punishment of crimes against humanity robustly reflects the special protections afforded to children under international law, including by addressing the particular vulnerability of children to grave violations in the commission of such crimes and by ensuring that children accused of crimes against humanity are treated in accordance with international juvenile justice standards.
10. I recall the obligation, set out in the Convention of the Rights of the Child, whereby the detention of children should be used only as a measure of last resort and for the shortest appropriate period of time, and the obligation to treat children primarily as victims and exclusively within child justice systems. Children should never be detained or prosecuted solely for their or their parents’ actual or alleged association with armed groups, including those which are currently under sanctions enacted by the Security Council. I urge Member States to prioritize the best interests of the child and to give child protection actors access to detained children.
11. I reiterate my call upon all countries concerned to facilitate the safe and voluntary repatriation and reintegration of children allegedly associated with Da’esh, in line with international law and with full respect for the relevant principles, including the best interests of the child. I call upon Member States to ensure the consistency of counter-terrorism measures with the applicable legal framework, including the Convention on the Rights of the Child.
12. I call upon technology and social media companies to take concrete, transparent and child rights-based measures to prevent their platforms and services from being used for propaganda or for the recruitment and exploitation of children by armed forces and armed groups, and to cooperate with accountability and child protection mechanisms.
13. I make a strong plea to donors to scale up financial support for survivor-centred assistance, reintegration and education programmes, following an intersectional approach. I encourage donors to fund sustainable child protection capacity, including to monitor grave violations against children through United Nations child protection capacities.

Annex I

Pursuant to Security Council resolutions , , and , parties that commit grave violations affecting children in situations of armed conflict on the agenda of the Security Council

A. State actors

Parties in Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem

Israeli armed and security forces

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B. Non-State armed groups

Parties in Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem

1. Palestinian Islamic Jihad’s Al-Quds Brigades
2. Hamas’ Izz al-Din al-Qassam Brigades and affiliated factions

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